Population characteristics | Conventional mean, 95% CI N = 9 (a) | Multi-injection mean, 95% CI N = 71 (b) | Pump mean, 95% CI N = 9 (c) | p Kruskall-Wallis |
Age (yrs) | 5.36 ± 2.99 (a) vs (b) p = 0.001 | 12.71 ± 5.04 (b) vs (c) p = 0.641 | 13.51 ± 2.15 (a) vs (c) p = 0.001 | 0.001 |
Diabetes duration (yrs) | 2.66 ± 1.85 (a) vs (b) p = 0.067 | 5.05 ± 3.78 (b) vs (c) p = 0.233 | 6.72 ± 5.14 (a) vs (c) p = 0.040 | 0.074 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.5 ± 0.98 (a) vs (b) p = 0.553 | 8.21 ± 1.32 (b) vs (c) p = 0.036 | 7.23 ± 1.01 (a) vs (c) p = 0.020 | 0.059 |
Total dose (Iu/kg/day) | 0.90 ± 0.22 (a) vs (b) p = 0.353 | 0.90 ± 0.22 (b) vs (c) p = 0.017 | 0.72 ± 0.07 (a) vs (c) p = 0.001 | 0.001 |
Cost by service category (euro/pppy) | ||||
Outpatient visits | 66 (21 - 111) (a) vs (b) p = 0.807 | 65 (55.5 - 74) (b) vs (c) p = 0.320 | 74 (42 - 106) (a) vs (c) p = 0.492 | 0.69 |
Laboratory tests | 151 (45 - 257) (a) vs (b) p = 0.691 | 137 (116 - 158) (b) vs (c) p = 0.564 | 156.5 (57 - 256) (a) vs (c) p = 0.928 | 0.97 |
Hospitalizations | 67 (38 - 173) (a) vs (b) p = 0.793 | 45 (3 - 87) (b) vs (c) p = 0.371 | 41 (53 - 134) (a) vs (c) p = 0.332 | 0.65 |
Medications | 125 (71 - 179) (a) vs (b) p = 0.001 | 500 (441 - 560) (b) vs (c) p = 0.635 | 450 (337 - 581) (a) vs (c) p = 0.001 | 0.000 |
Supplies | 1570 (1341 - 1798) (a) vs (b) p = 0.360 | 1699.5 (1603 - 1796) (b) vs (c) p = 0.001 | 4808 (3707 - 5909) (a) vs (c) p = 0.001 | 0.000 |
Total cost | 1978.5 (1682 - 2275) (a) vs (b) p = 0.014 | 2447 (2320 - 2574) (b) vs (c) p = 0.001 | 5538 (4480 - 6597) (a) vs (c) p = 0.001 | 0.000 |