Population characteristics

Conventional mean, 95% CI N = 9 (a)

Multi-injection mean, 95% CI N = 71 (b)

Pump mean, 95% CI N = 9 (c)

p Kruskall-Wallis

Age (yrs)

5.36 ± 2.99

(a) vs (b) p = 0.001

12.71 ± 5.04

(b) vs (c) p = 0.641

13.51 ± 2.15

(a) vs (c) p = 0.001

0.001

Diabetes duration (yrs)

2.66 ± 1.85

(a) vs (b) p = 0.067

5.05 ± 3.78

(b) vs (c) p = 0.233

6.72 ± 5.14

(a) vs (c) p = 0.040

0.074

HbA1c (%)

8.5 ± 0.98

(a) vs (b) p = 0.553

8.21 ± 1.32

(b) vs (c) p = 0.036

7.23 ± 1.01

(a) vs (c) p = 0.020

0.059

Total dose

(Iu/kg/day)

0.90 ± 0.22

(a) vs (b) p = 0.353

0.90 ± 0.22

(b) vs (c) p = 0.017

0.72 ± 0.07

(a) vs (c) p = 0.001

0.001

Cost by service category (euro/pppy)

Outpatient visits

66 (21 - 111)

(a) vs (b) p = 0.807

65 (55.5 - 74)

(b) vs (c) p = 0.320

74 (42 - 106)

(a) vs (c) p = 0.492

0.69

Laboratory tests

151 (45 - 257)

(a) vs (b) p = 0.691

137 (116 - 158)

(b) vs (c) p = 0.564

156.5 (57 - 256)

(a) vs (c) p = 0.928

0.97

Hospitalizations

67 (38 - 173)

(a) vs (b) p = 0.793

45 (3 - 87)

(b) vs (c) p = 0.371

41 (53 - 134)

(a) vs (c) p = 0.332

0.65

Medications

125 (71 - 179)

(a) vs (b) p = 0.001

500 (441 - 560)

(b) vs (c) p = 0.635

450 (337 - 581)

(a) vs (c) p = 0.001

0.000

Supplies

1570 (1341 - 1798)

(a) vs (b) p = 0.360

1699.5 (1603 - 1796)

(b) vs (c) p = 0.001

4808 (3707 - 5909)

(a) vs (c) p = 0.001

0.000

Total cost

1978.5 (1682 - 2275)

(a) vs (b) p = 0.014

2447 (2320 - 2574)

(b) vs (c) p = 0.001

5538 (4480 - 6597)

(a) vs (c) p = 0.001

0.000